Oedipus a Tragic Hero Free Essays

Oedipus: A Tragic Hero Aristotle’s heartbreaking saint is one of the most conspicuous kinds of legends among writing. A terrible legend joins five significant focuses all of which have to do with the hero’s height in the public eye, his deficiencies, how these shortcomings impact him, the discipline his flaws gets him, and how he responds to this discipline. Aristotle clarified that the tale of Oedipus the King, composed by Sophocles, is an ideal case of a shocking legend. We will compose a custom paper test on Oedipus: a Tragic Hero or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In the play, Oedipus is given a prediction in which he is informed that he will slaughter his dad at that point wed his mom. As in numerous Greek plays, Oedipus attempts to run from his prescience and winds up satisfying precisely what it is prognosticated. Through the play we see that Oedipus groups a large number of the qualities of an awful saint, for example, he is of respectable height, his destruction was his own shortcoming, and that his discipline was not completely merited. The principal characteristic that Oedipus has that makes him a terrible legend is that he is a man of honorable height. Inside the main lines of the play, Oedipus promptly bolsters this in saying, â€Å"Here I am myself-/you know me, the world knows my acclaim:/I am Oedipus† (7-8). This statement shows that Oedipus is so positive about individuals knowing who he is that he is eager to put this out there, however he isn't in effect excessively sure. This statement is later offered motivation to when we get notification from different characters, for example, the Priest when he clarifies things that Oedipus has done, for example, â€Å"You liberated us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes/and cut us free from the wicked tribute we had paid/that unforgiving, severe singer† (44-46). The Priest delineates when Oedipus vanquished the Sphinx, which is the errand that picks up him the situation of lord of Thebes. The following trademark that Oedipus has that makes him an awful legend is that his ruin is of his own doing. The demonstration that eventually adds to Oedipus’ ruin is that of when he executes his dad and he discloses to Jocasta that he slaughtered everybody, â€Å"I murdered them all-every mother’s child! † (898). Since he is discussing his father’s procession it shows that he, in reality killed his dad despite the fact that he was ignorant that it was his dad at that point. That is just the start of his ruin however as he prior told the Chorus that anybody holding the killer would be reviled, regardless of whether it was himself, â€Å"†¦if by any possibility/he ends up being a close of our house†¦may the revile I just called down strike me! † (284-287). This shows exactly how genuine that Oedipus was tied in with rebuffing this individual and despite the fact that he doesn’t comprehend that it is himself, and takes for a little while for him to understand, that he was liable for what befallen him. The last talked about trademark that Oedipus has is that his discipline was not completely merited. There are three principle disciplines that Oedipus needs to experience in view of his wrongdoing. Those disciplines are his outcast from Thebes, the self destruction of Jocasta, and the loss of his sight. In any case, the discipline that sends everything to the brink is when Oedipus strikes out his own eyes. At the point when he appears to the Chorus he comes out and discusses how awful he feels for everything in saying, â€Å"The blackest things/a man can do, I have done them all! † (1541-1542). During this very scene the Chorus talks, not to Oedipus straightforwardly, however to one another and the actually shrivel away from him. Clearly they don’t accept he merits this through their words, â€Å"O the terrorâ€/the misery, for all the world to see/the most noticeably awful fear that at any point met my eyes,/what frenzy cleared over you? † (1432-1435). The Chorus keeps on discussing how Oedipus reviled himself by the divine beings and this is his discipline, yet can't comprehend what god would power such a discipline on any man. Works Cited Mifflin, Houghton. Language of Literature World Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print. Step by step instructions to refer to Oedipus: a Tragic Hero, Essay models

The Art of Drawing the Penis Essay Example For Students

The Art of Drawing the Penis Essay Uncouples in the Satirical and Luscious in Metamorphoses are each placed in the job of untouchables on the edges of society and are empowered to go about as onlookers and observers. In spite of the fact that they are seen as outsiders and manage similar sorts of situations, Uncouples and Luscious live in two totally various universes. Uncouples and Luscious react to their social orders and the individuals they experience in their own individual manners. Right off the bat, talking about Uncouples and his experience will start our insight on how he and Luscious vary. Uncouples in the Satirical faces a daily reality such that he is in a split second enticed by sex. We will compose a custom article on The Art of Drawing the Penis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The previous fighter and recently showing up understudy is engaged with a sexual relationship with his sixteen. Year old darling and slave. Kid, Citing. All through the novel, Uncouples battles with remaining devoted to his darling. Uncouples is lured more than once all through the novel by a sexual joy that prompts him being unfaithful to Citing. On being a shifty sweetheart, Uncouples has a criminal foundation. The book talks about him taking and in any event, killing a man. Being unfaithful and having a criminal foundation shows a smidgen of the sort to individual Uncouples was. Also, we will survey Luscious and his experience in Metamorphoses. Delectable, a man to great birth and a coach, begins his excursion while in transit to Thessaly where he hears a difficult to-accept story that interests his interest in enchantment and legends. All through the principal half of The Golden Ass, Luscious finds out around a couple of exacting and figurative stories that starts his inclinations on the enchantment occurring inside Thessaly. He discovers that the spouse of the family he is remaining with is a witch and attempts to transform himself into a winged creature as he saw her do. Rather than transforming into a flying creature, his inquisitively driven him into changing into an ass. The epic proceeds with Luscious going on numerous excursions as an ass and learning and hearing much more stories identifying with enchantment. After the entirety of his hardships and excursions, Luscious in the end comes into contact With the goddess Isis and she transforms him once again into human structure in the wake of joining her clique. Since we know a little behind the characters Of Uncouples and Luscious, we can contrast the two with each other. Uncouples and Luscious are each the principle characters and the storytellers in their books. Everything in Satirical and Metamorphoses is included around the two. Uncouples and Luscious both arrangement with enticement. Be that as it may, Uncouples battles with sexual allurement and Luscious battles with the enticement of enchantment. Delectable is an inquisitive character and needs to find out about everything while Uncouples is more into pleasuring himself. The two of them relate in the manner that Uncouples is an understudy and Luscious is a guide. In Satirical, it tells how Uncouples is another understudy and in The Golden Ass it tells how Luscious ran into a previous understudy at the market henceforth, he is a tutor, As it has just been expressed, Uncouples has a criminal foundation identifying with theft and murder, Luscious was thought to have slaughtered three men in The Golden Ass however it wound up being wineskins, not men. Despite the fact that Luscious was thought to have killed a couple of men, Luscious puts on a show of being a quiet character where as Uncouples puts on a show of being somewhat clamorous. With everything taken into account, Uncouples and Luscious handle their circumstances in altogether different manners. Uncouples permits compulsion to dominate and gets powerless in situations while Luscious attempts to thoroughly consider things altogether and concoct an astute arrangement. Humorous and Metamorphoses shows the peruser how two men originating from Roman books respond to climatic situations in totally various manners.

Informational Speeches on Issues that Matter

Informational Speeches on Issues that Matter (0) We hear from our teachers that students often struggle to craft effective presentations, for a variety of reasons.   In some cases they suffer from “stage fright,” and are nervous about speaking in front of their peers.  Others have a tough time finding topics, organizing their thoughts, and presenting them coherently, while simultaneously engaging their audience.   Having students conduct research and then prepare presentations around issues that matter to them can help alleviate some of these challenges. With this in mind, we present  the assignment Introduce an Issue: Informational Paragraph and Speech/Presentation where students share issues that matter to them in the upcoming presidential election. Its informative, timely, and good research and speaking practice! The original assignment (linked here) was created by the Los Altos High School English Department and modified by Margaret Bennett and Elizabeth Tompkins for their 10th grade World Literature honors class. Margaret told us she loves this assignment, and gave us a number of reasons to explain why she thinks it’s so effective: It establishes a strong process by getting kids to ask questions and form essential questions, and mirrors the senior project her students will have to complete when they reach the 12th grade students become really skilled at doing research, including using databases and assessing bias and credibility there is a lot of student ownership as each student chooses his/her own issue to research Although this assignment was designed for students in the 10th grade, you can easily modify it to address any  students’ current level and interests. Click here to download the  Word Doc version Introduce an Issue:   Informational Paragraph and Speech/Presentation Assignment: Research an issue (an important topic or problem for debate or discussion) of interest to you in this year’s election and introduce it to your peers in a concise 3-4 minute informative speech. Points: This is a major assignment worth 80 points (60 points written speech, 20 points oral presentation). Process: When creating your speech, please follow the process below. Topic â€" Clearly state the topic you are researching (Ex. Renewable Energy). Find a current topic that satisfies these questions: My topic is ______________________________ Ask yourself the following questions: Is it a real issue, with genuine significance? ____________________ Are you personally interested in this issue? ____________________ Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable? ________________ Develop a List of Questions â€" Add depth to your issue by asking probing questions (minimum of 5+ questions). Preliminary Research/Starting the Annotated Bibliography â€" Look for answers to your questions. Compile at least three articles reflecting multiple views on the issue which expand your understanding as to the depth and complexity of the topic. Isolate the Issue/Building a Knowledge Base â€" Narrow your topic to a specific issue â€" clearly state the issue that needs attention. (Ex.: Renewable Energy in the US in the next 10 years) My narrowed topic is ________________________________________ Essential Question â€" A paper’s essential question is “What question will your speech try to answer?” In this case, you are telling us why your narrowed topic should be an issue we care about in the election. My essential question is: Why is ___narrowed topic  an important issue in this year’s election? Further Research Supporting Points â€" Now that you have your focused, essential question, go back to searching for the best four credible sources, reflecting multiple perspectives, to expand your understanding. Choose three points that support your question and help convince us that your topic is an important issue in this year’s elections. This is an important issue we should care about because: First Point: ________________________________________________ Second Point: ______________________________________________ Third Point: _______________________________________________ Annotated Bibliography â€" Create an Annotated Bibliography in MLA format. Your annotations should note the important features of each article and how you used the article. Write your Informative Speech â€" Outline your speech (scroll down to the bottom of this doc). Then, use your outline to write a short, informative speech (approximately 300 words) in which you synthesize multiple sources about your subject in order to inform your audience. Assert a clear thesis that organizes your complex ideas. Use your three supporting points and specific evidence from at least three sources to clearly, accurately, concisely and logically help your audience (fellow students) follow your line of reasoning and communicate the significance of the issue. Be sure to credit your sources in your speech when you reference a work or incorporate it as evidence. Remember, your goal is to inform your listeners of an important issue without taking a position. Your speech should genuinely teach your audience about your topic, but should not include your opinion on the topic. Be sure to create a strong title. This speech should be about 1 page, double spaced. Be concise. Every word matters. See the models provided. While there are many ways to organize a speech, we recommend you follow this format: Introduction (about 2 sentences): Hook your readers with a general introduction to your topic focused issue. Tell us the scope and significance of the issue you will be teaching us about! The Extent /Reason to Listen (1-2 sentences): Reveal your knowledge of the history/general background surrounding your issue as well as why your listeners should be interested in this topic. Assert why this is a significant topic (may have already done so in introduction). Main Point 1 (about 2-3 sentences): Give clear statement of first point. Provide supporting evidence (possibly paraphrased). Include citation of evidence explanation/commentary Transition to next point….. Main Point 2 (about 2-3 sentences): Give clear statement of second point. Provide supporting evidence (possibly paraphrased). Include citation of evidence explanation/commentary Transition to next point… Main Point 3 (about 2-3 sentences): Give clear statement of third point. Provide supporting evidence (possibly paraphrased). Include citation of evidence explanation/commentary Conclusion (1-2 sentences): Reassert main idea that we should take-away from your speech. What is the main idea we should have learned about from this? You may choose to organize your ideas into one larger paragraph or several smaller ones. Peer review: Rehearse â€" Practice your speech paying attention to delivery, including eye contact, volume and pronunciation. You may use note cards. Consider making strategic use of digital media to enhance your audience’s understanding of your findings and to add interest. Final Products: Final speech (oral and written). 80 points major: 60 points written, 20 points oral Due the day after your speech: REFLECTION on the process (typed and printed hard copy due the day after you give your speech â€" please also put in your “shared with teacher” folder). View the rubric for this assignment here.

Presidentail Power The State of the Union Speech Essays

Overseeing the action of the armed forces, appointing treaties to be drafted, managing national affairs and being a figurehead for a great nation all imply that the individual holding the title of President has a great amount of power at their disposal. There are those indviduals who automatically come to mind talking about the President, people like JFK, FDR and Abraham Lincoln, people who left a profound impact on the nation. Then there are the back burner Presidents who do not come to mind at all, individuals like Franklin Pierce and Benjamin Harrison, who did not seem to have anything significant happen during their time as president. Some Presidents seem to have been incredibly powerful while others appear t be there just a†¦show more content†¦In order to this, the President has to be able to balance the different interests of each group and be able to persuade them, not command them, to do what he wants or else it looks like weakness (Ellington). When FDR created the Works Progress Administration that gave jobs back to Americans, it was agreed upon and funded by Congress (Leuchtenburg). His ability to persuade them into taking that route to help the American public made him look more powerful in the eyes of the people because he was able to get his way and help them. This was in complete contrast to the time when Woodrow Wilson was unable to convince the Majority of Congress to ratify the treaty of Versailles because he was unwilling to compromise (Versailles). This in turn led to the Democrats losing the next election, a clear example of the loss of power. The ability of the President to be able to persuade other members of the government to pass plans that they come up with is one that clearly demonstrates their power and can make them seem even more powerful if they are able to successfully do it. Public opinion of a President affects how powerful they appear at the time. Some Presidents, like Ronald Regan were liked by a good number of people which helps them get more power because they had the support of the public. There is never a guarantee that one hundred percent of the people will like them, but a lot of people did like Regan during his presidency.

Equilibrium Concentration Example Problem

This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the equilibrium concentrations from initial conditions and the reactions equilibrium constant. This equilibrium constant example concerns a reaction with a small equilibrium constant. Problem: 0.50 moles of N2 gas is mixed with 0.86 moles of O2 gas in a 2.00 L tank at 2000 K. The two gasses react to form nitric oxide gas by the reactionN2(g) O2(g) ↔ 2 NO(g).What are the equilibrium concentrations of each gas?Given: K 4.1 x 10-4 at 2000 K Solution: Step 1 -Â  Find initial concentrations: [N2]o 0.50 mol/2.00 L [N2]o 0.25 M [O2]o 0.86 mol/2.00 L [O2]o 0.43 M [NO]o 0 M Step 2 -Â  Find equilibrium concentrations using assumptions about K: The equilibrium constant K is the ratio of products to reactants. If K is a very small number, you would expect there to be more reactants than products. In this case, K 4.1 x 10-4 is a small number. In fact, the ratio indicates there are 2439 times more reactants than products. We can assume very little N2 and O2 will react to form NO. If the amount of N2 and O2 used is X, then only 2X of NO will form. This means at equilibrium, the concentrations would be [N2] [N2]o - X 0.25 M - X[O2] [O2]o - X 0.43 M - X[NO] 2XIf we assume X is negligible compared to the concentrations of the reactants, we can ignore their effects on the concentration[N2] 0.25 M - 0 0.25 M[O2] 0.43 M - 0 0.43 MSubstitute these values in the expression for the equilibrium constantK [NO]2/[N2][O2]4.1 x 10-4 [2X]2/(0.25)(0.43)4.1 x 10-4 4X2/0.10754.41 x 10-5 4X21.10 x 10-5 X23.32 x 10-3 XSubstitute X into the equilibrium concentration expressions[N2] 0.25 M[O2] 0.43 M[NO] 2X 6.64 x 10-3 MStep 3 - Test your assumption:When you make assumptions, you should test your assumption and check your answer. This assumption is valid for values of X within 5% of the concentrations of the reactants.Is X less than 5% of 0.25 M?Yes - it is 1.33% of 0.25 MIs X less than 5% of 0.43 MYes - it is 0.7% of 0.43 MPlug your answer back into the equilibrium constant equationK [NO]2/[N2][O2]K (6.64 x 10-3 M)2/(0.25 M)(0.43 M)K 4.1 x 10-4The value of K agrees with the value given at the beginning of the problem. The assumption is proven valid. If the value of X was greater than 5% of the concentration, then the quadratic equation would have to be used as in this example problem. Answer: The equilibrium concentrations of the reaction are[N2] 0.25 M[O2] 0.43 M[NO] 6.64 x 10-3 M

Western Filipina Relationship Free Essays

Western-Filipina Relationship Denver Jane C. Diacor Why do lots of Filipino women choose foreigners as better husbands? How do Westerners differ from Filipino men? These are some of the typical questions asked by individuals since Western-Filipina relationship is now observed. And a number of Filipinas preferred husbands from the West in three main reasons: it might be for money, the feeling of acceptance, or for love. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Filipina Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Money can be the first reason. It is quite absurd to see a 61 year-old man with a 25 year-old Filipina girlfriend, that’s why many people say that the girl is only looking after the money she could get from that old man. We cannot deny the fact that many wish to change their social status and get out from their life of being a poor, and marrying a foreigner is what they think the solution. However, in my own perspective, it is not really right to marry a person just because of money; others are just being practical. If money is seen as one of the reason in this relationship, the feeling of acceptance is another factor. Based on what I have read on some stories about this cross-cultural relationship, a Filipina said that she has a great feeling with her husband. She added that Western men are not really particular on how you dress or how you look as long as you are staying true to yourself. They will make you feel you are pretty and that you are special to them, unlike Filipino men who are judging you from the way you dress to the way you act. They are straightforward on telling your mistakes unlike Filipino men who are having that sugar-coated statement just to make sure you are not hurt. Thus, Western men will allow you to grow by telling what’s wrong and letting you check your weaknesses and shortcomings. Finally, for love, Westerners are more romantic and expressive in showing their affection. For me, traveling a distant place just to be with your love is quite very romantic. And two people living in an absolutely different world finding each other is true love. In short, the reason why some Filipina preferred foreigners as husband might be because of the money, because of the great feeling with the partner, or because of love. It is really great to find the right person you want to be with for the rest of your life. Either a Filipino or a Westerner, the first things we must consider in marriage or in a relationship is the love, acceptance, trust, loyalty, and understanding. How to cite Western Filipina Relationship, Papers

Professional Auditing Vmoto Limited

Question: Discuss about the Professional Auditing for Vmoto Limited. Answer: Introduction Vmoto Limited is an Australian multinational company that specializes in electric vehicle manufacturing and distribution. Ideally, Vmoto Limited is a leading manufacturer and distributor of the global scooter. The firm is traded on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) with ticker symbol VMT. According to its 2015 annual report, 2015 was a year of increased growth for Vmoto Limited (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants,' 2006). The company's revenue grew by 11% from $ 42.9 million in 2014 to $ 47.6 million. The fact that the revenue of the firm increased is a clear indication that the company's brands are achieving a greater market share in both Chinese and international markets. The company's net assets increased by 37% from $ 24.8M to $ 34.1M; its operating costs dropped from $ 5.1M to $ 2.1M while its cash at the end of the year was $ 6.7M. An auditor needs to have an understanding of the business and the industry in which it operates in when planning on an audit of th e firm. This report prepares a document to the Audit Manager discussing critical information about Vmoto Limited, that is, understanding the client, assessment of important accounts, planning materiality and audit risk assessment. In light of this, all the procedures were duly followed that is accepting of the appointment and communicating your decision to the client in the engagement letter. In addition, I included a summary of the nature, scope, and extent of the audit and the audit fee to be charged, that is, $ 84,000. Our understanding of the client The extent of planning for an audit will depend on the nature of the client and the experience the auditor had with the client. Ideally, preparing for an audit of a new client is much extensive than that of an existing one. When preparing an audit, it is a requirement that an auditor understands the customer and the industry in which it operates (Allen, Hermanson, Kozloski, and Ramsay, 2006, pp.157-177). For a new customer, the main source of data would be communications with the previous auditor, inquiries from the directors, and client books of accounts. Since I am performing an audit on Vmoto Limited, which is a new client, I would need to obtain information from the previous auditor. Here, I would need to communicate with the former auditor and obtain sufficient and reliable audit evidence that can enable me to form an opinion about the accurate and fair view of Vmoto Limited. Second, I would obtain an understanding of the client by visiting the customer's premises. During my visit to the facilities of Vmoto Limited, I am supposed to meet with the administrative officers and determine the responsibilities of each executive of the company, who is responsible for the audit (Allegrini, and DOnza, 2003, pp.191-208). Besides, visiting the premises of Vmoto Limited would involve an understanding of the organization chart, locations of principal offices of the firm, and the company's Memorandum of Association. It would also require reviewing the purchase and sales terms, related third party transactions, schedule of subsidiaries, customers and suppliers, the books of accounts and who is responsible for their preparation and the tentative audit schedule. Lastly, an understanding of Vmoto Limited would involve visiting the facility, meeting with the management, walking through the production cycle, reviewing the year-end and interim reports, reviewing the income ta x and reviewing the agencies reports. Based on my understanding of the client, Vmoto Limited is a company that operates in a diverse environment faced with both internal and external environmental factors. The company has been able to position itself well in the ever-changing global world. In addition, the company has been able to handle the increase in demand for vehicles internationally and China (Arens, Elder, and Mark, 2012.). Understanding of Vmoto Limited and its industry would help me understand the competitive environment of the firm, and assess whether it meets the needs of its users. If Vmoto Limited does not address the needs of its users, then I would need to plan for materiality. Understanding of Vmoto Limited would entail reviewing of its 2015-audited report that was conducted by the previous auditor. From its 2015 annual report, it is evident that Vmoto Limited discloses the remuneration of the directors. This can be of importance to our audit team in that it can help us ascertain whether the directors are highly remunerated, poorly paid or abnormally remunerated (Arens, Best, Shailer, Fiedler, Elder, and Beasley, 2007). According to the previous auditor's report, the financial statements of Vmoto Limited were prepared in agreement with the Corporations Act 2001. This means that when planning our current audit, there will be no cause of alarm from the previous auditors report. To conclude, understanding of Vmoto Limited would involve performing a benchmark analysis by using both financial and non-financial metrics. Ideally, this would mean using the balanced scorecard as well as the Strategic Performance Measurement Systems (SPMS) to assess whether there some areas of concern in the client's business. Those areas of concern ought to be tested for materiality (Allen, Hermanson, Kozloski, and Ramsay, 2006, pp.157-177). Here, the balanced scorecard approach would involve looking at the customer perspective, the financial standpoint, the learning and growth viewpoint, and the internal business process perspective. Knowledge of these key performance indicators (KPIs) would help me understand Vmoto Limited. Our assessment of significant accounts As an external auditor of Vmoto Limited, I am required to identify five important accounts that are mostly at risk of being materially misstated. The five significant accounts of Vmoto Limited as per their 2015 annual report are cash, sales, purchases, salaries and wages, and debtors. The first important account of Vmoto Limited is cash (Boynton, and Johnson, 2006). It is at risk of being materially misstated since if the integrity of the management is questionable, there can exist loopholes on cash disbursements and receivables. As an auditor of Vmoto Limited, I would ensure that there is segregation of duties and that no single person has control over the entire cash process. If I find that there is no separation of functions at the cash point, then the cash is at risk of being materially misstated. In addition, I would ascertain that the money is subject to accountability, approval, and authorization that is the cash is accounted for, adequately documented and traceable at the par ticular cash handlers. If the money is not authorized and it cannot be accounted for, then there is a risk that it can be materially misstated. Besides, I would ensure that the cash is secured by making sure that the management of Vmoto Limited has put it under lock and key. If the money is left unattended and it is left unsecured, or it is not immediately, then it will be exposed to loopholes thus facing the risk of being materially misstated. The second significant account of Vmoto Limited is sales (Carnaghan, 2006, pp.170-204). Ideally, if the personnel of Vmoto Limited who processes an order is the same who disburses the goods to the customers and receives the payments, which means that there is no segregation of duties in the company, Vmoto Limited will likely face teeming and lading fraud. Teeming and lading fraud would occur in a scenario where the person responsible for sales is the same individual responsible for cash proceeds from those sales. If this exists, then the sales will be at risk of being materially misstated. The third significant account of Vmoto Limited is debtors (Cosserat, and Rodda, 2009). The same scenario as stated in the sales would occur for the debtors. Ideally, debtors are sales made on credit. The debtors are significant accounts since they are exposed to teeming and lading fraud. If the person responsible for borrowers is the same individual responsible for cash, then he can create a loophole by manipulating the records. For instance, if debtor A owes the company $ 1 million, debtor B owes the company $ 2 million, and debtor C owes the company $ 3 million, the personnel can loot the $ 1 million received from debtor A. As soon as debtor B pays his outstanding balance of $ 2 million, the staff can use it to offset the amount of debtor A. The same procedure will happen for borrower B and C and any balance that remains at the end of the period, he will record it as bad debts written off. As an auditor, I must, therefore, ensure that there is segregation of duties in the debtors. If this is not the case, then the debtors will be at risk of being materially misstated. The fourth significant account of Vmoto Limited is purchases. This is an important account since it is prone to loopholes (Chen, Pany, and Zhang, 2008, pp.236-251). If the person who is responsible for purchases is the same individual responsible for cash disbursements on those purchases, then he can circumnavigate the internal control procedures put in place over the purchases. For example, personnel of Vmoto Limited can order goods from a supplier worth $ 1 million. However, when requesting for funds from the management to pay for those goods, he may overstate the cost so that he can benefit from the purchase. If such a scenario exists, then the purchases will be at risk of being materially misstated. The last significant account of Vmoto Limited is salaries and wages (DeZoort, Harrison, and Taylor, 2006, pp.373-390). Loopholes may exist in Vmoto Limited concerning payment of workers. For instance, the company may be paying ghost workers who in reality do not exist, or they do not work for the firm. As a result, there may be mismanagement of cash, which may not be accounted for. This leads to the misstatement of money and salaries and wages, and therefore the payroll would be at risk of being materially misstated. The information would be material if the omission or misstatement of certain information in the financial statements of Vmoto Limited would influence the economic decisions of the users of its financial statements. To test whether the salaries and wages are material, I would look at whether they are pervasive, relevant, and reliable and if they have the potential of influencing the decisions of its users. Our planning materiality When establishing an audit strategy, I will need to determine the materiality of the financial statements at the planning stage (Glover, Prawitt, Liljegren, and Messier Jr, 2008, p.42). I would determine performance materiality at the planning phase to assess the risk of material misstatement and to evaluate the nature, extent, and timing of the audit procedures. According to IFRS, inaccuracies and omissions are considered material if they may influence the decisions of their users. Planning materiality is, therefore, the maximum amount of error that an auditor can tolerate and accept in the financial statements of the company. In this case, planning materiality would be the maximum error that I would be able to tolerate in the financial statements of Vmoto Limited. It can be ascertained by calculating the tolerable level. In the planning stage, I would be required to use planning materiality to make judgments concerning the size of the omissions or misstatements that would be considered material (Hayes, Wallage, and Gortemaker, 2014). Here, I would be required to ascertain the tolerable level of materiality. The judgments concerning the size of misstatements would provide a basis for assessing the risk of material misstatement, determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit risk assessment procedures and other review procedures. The concept of materiality is, therefore, an important aspect at the planning phase of an audit as it will help us ascertain the tolerance level as shown below. Our assessment of what can go wrong When planning for an audit, I would need to perform an audit risk assessment to discuss and evaluate what constitutes a risk in the important accounts of Vmoto Limited stated above, that is, cash, salaries, and wages, sales, debtors and purchases (Huss, and Jacobs, 2011, pp.16-32). Ideally, audit risk is the risk that an auditor will form an incorrect or inappropriate opinion about the financial statements of the company. For example, he may have issued an unqualified opinion where the financial statements ought to have been qualified; he may have failed to release an emphasis of the matter paragraph where it was required or even where he provided a biased opinion about the financial statements. There are three types of audit risks involved: inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk. Inherent risk is the risk that the omissions and error may lead to material misstatement (Knapp, and Knapp, 2001, pp.25-37). Inherent risk is considered high when the preparation of the financial statements involves a lot of judgment, estimation and where the transactions are highly complex. Control risk is the risk that the internal control system implemented in an enterprise may lead to material misstatement (Ismail, Haron, Nasir Ibrahim, and Mohd Isa, 2006, pp. 738-756). Control risk would be considered high in instances where the management has not implemented a sufficient and strong internal control system. Assessment of the control risk would be higher where entities have not clearly defined the aspect of segregation of duties. Lastly, detection risk is the risk that in the completion of an audit some errors may go undetected. It is evident that inherent risk and control risk are relevant in the planning stage while detection risk is essential in the reporting phase. If audit risk affects cash balances of Vmoto Limited, information that is omitted or misstated may be considered to be material (Low, 2004, pp.201-219). An inherent risk may arise in this case since the users of the financial statements of Vmoto Limited may rely on it to determine if the firm has an adequate liquid cash to continue in a going concern. In a case where the internal control system implemented is not strong enough to prevent the existence of errors and frauds in the cash cycle, it may result to control risk (Zadek, Evans, and Pruzan, 2013). As the external auditor of Vmoto Limited, I must assess the audit danger in the cash cycle at the planning phase. If the cash is materially misstated, then it may mislead its users and thus lead to financial loss. Audit risk may also occur in salaries and wages (O'Donnell, and Schultz Jr, 2005, pp.921-939). For instance, if the employees are not paid for work done, if ghost workers are paid, if wages are unauthorized, or not correctly calculated, it may lead to inherent and control risk. Ideally, if there is inherent risk in the payroll account, payroll cash may go unaccounted for leading to mismanagement of money. If the internal control system implemented by the management of Vmoto Limited does not prevent the occurrence of loopholes in the salaries and wages department, control risk may arise (Yang, and Jia, 2013, pp. 1717-1726). Third, audit risk may occur in sales (Porter, Simon, and Hatherly, 2014). For instance, when teeming and lading fraud happens, it would be evident that any omission or error may lead to material misstatement thus resulting in inherent risk. When Vmoto Limited has not implemented a strong and adequate internal control system over the sales, the company's sales may contain material misstatement thus resulting in controlling risk (William Jr, Glover, and Prawitt, 2016). As an auditor of the firm, I ought to assess the audit risk at sales account and ascertain that it is free from any material misstatement. If the sales contain material misstatement, then I need to include the sales department as a weak area in the audit schedule. Fourth, audit risk may occur in the debtor's account (Rennings, Ziegler, Ankele, and Hoffmann, 2006, pp. 45-59). If the omission or misstatement of individual borrowers accounts in Vmoto Limited may influence the decisions of the users of the financial statements, then that information that has been omitted or misstated in the debtor's account would be considered material to the financial statements and thus resulting in inherent risk. If the internal control system, on the other hand, were not strong enough to prevent misstatement of the debtor's account, it would be considered material and thus leading to control risk (Wells, 2008, pp. 277-90). Lastly, audit risk can also occur in the purchases department (Rittenberg, Johnstone, and Gramling, 2010). If the omission or misstatement of individual purchase items is material to the financial statements of Vmoto Limited, inherent risk may be considered to have occurred. Control risk, on the other hand, may occur the internal control system implemented by the management of Vmoto Limited on the purchases does not prevent the occurrence of errors and frauds (Wang, Wang, Ren, and Lou, 2010, pp. 1-9). Conclusion Vmoto Limited is an enterprise that deals with the manufacture and distribution of scooters. According to its 2015 annual report as presented by the board of directors, the firm realized an increase in revenue and net assets and a decline in the operating costs (Wang, Chow, Wang, Ren, and Lou, 2013, pp. 362-375). As a result, the key performance indicators indicated that Vmoto Limited was performing well as compared to its competitors since the firm realized a greater market share of its brands in China and internationally. As a recently appointed external auditor of Vmoto Limited, I was mandated by my audit manager to prepare a document on the planning of the audit of Vmoto Limited. The first step is to understand the client business and the industry in which it operates. Here, I communicated with the previous auditor to gain an understanding of the firm. In addition, I visited the premises of the client to understand how Vmoto Limited works (Socol, 2008, pp.209-216). In the second step, I assessed the important accounts of the company and determined what constituted materiality. Lastly, an audit risk assessment on the selected accounts indicated that there may be inherent and control risk in the enterprise. References American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Executive Committee, 2006.Codification of Statements on Auditing Standards. Commerce Clearing House. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Allen, R.D., Hermanson, D.R., Kozloski, T.M. and Ramsay, R.J., 2006. Auditor risk assessment: Insights from the academic literature.Accounting Horizons,20(2), pp.157-177. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Allegrini, M. and D'Onza, G., 2003. Internal auditing and risk assessment in the major Italian companies: an empirical survey.International Journal of Auditing, 7(3), pp.191-208. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., and Mark, B., 2012.Auditing and Assurance services: an integrated approach. Boston: Prentice Hall. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Arens, A. A., Best, P., Shailer, G., Fiedler, B., Elder, R. J., and Beasley, M., 2007.Auditing and assurance services in Australia: an integrated approach. Pearson Education Australia. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Allen, R.D., Hermanson, D.R., Kozloski, T.M. and Ramsay, R.J., 2006. Auditor risk assessment: Insights from the academic literature.Accounting Horizons,20(2), pp.157-177. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Boynton, W. C., and Johnson, R. N., 2006.Modern Auditing: Assurance services and the integrity of financial reporting. Wiley. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Carnaghan, C., 2006. Business process modeling approaches in the context of process level audit risk assessment: An analysis and comparison. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,7(2), pp.170-204. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Cosserat, G. W., and Rodda, N., 2009.Modern auditing. Wiley. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Chen, H., Pany, K., and Zhang, J., 2008. An analysis of the relationship between accounting restatements and quantitative benchmarks of audit planning materiality.Review of Accounting and Finance,7(3), pp.236-251. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. DeZoort, T., Harrison, P. and Taylor, M., 2006. Accountability and auditors materiality judgments: The effects of differential pressure strength on conservatism, variability, and effort.Accounting, Organizations and Society, 31(4), pp.373-390. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F., Liljegren, J.T. and Messier Jr, W.F., 2008. Component materiality for group audits.Journal of Accountancy,206(6), p.42. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Hayes, R., Wallage, P., and Gortemaker, H., 2014.Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Huss, H.F. and Jacobs, F.A., 2011. Risk containment: Exploring auditor decisions in the engagement process.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory,10(2), pp.16-32. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Ismail, I., Haron, H., Nasir Ibrahim, D., and Mohd Isa, S., 2006. Service quality, client satisfaction, and loyalty towards audit firms: Perceptions of Malaysian public listed companies.Managerial auditing journal,21(7), 738-756. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Knapp, C.A., and Knapp, M.C., 2001. The effects of experience and explicit fraud risk assessment in detecting fraud with analytical procedures. Accounting, Organizations and Society,26(1), pp.25-37. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Low, K.Y., 2004. The effects of industry specialization on audit risk assessments and audit planning decisions.The accounting review,79(1), pp.201-219. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. O'Donnell, E. and Schultz Jr, J.J., 2005. The halo effect in business risk audits: Can strategic risk assessment bias auditor judgment about accounting details?The Accounting Review,80(3), pp.921-939. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Porter, B., Simon, J., and Hatherly, D., 2014.Principles of external auditing. John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Rennings, K., Ziegler, A., Ankele, K., and Hoffmann, E., 2006. The influence of different characteristics of the EU environmental management and auditing scheme on technical, environmental innovations and economic performance. Ecological Economics,57(1), 45-59. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Rittenberg, L. E., Johnstone, K. M., and Gramling, A. A., 2010. Auditing: A business Risk Approach. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Wang, C., Chow, S. S., Wang, Q., Ren, K., and Lou, W., 2013. Privacy-preserving public auditing for secure cloud storage.IEEE Transactions on Computers,62(2), 362-375. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Socol, A., 2008. Materiality in the Context of an Audit between Professional Judgment and Subjectivism.Annals of the University of Petro?ani, Economics,8(2), pp.209-216. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Wang, C., Wang, Q., Ren, K., and Lou, W., 2010. Privacy-preserving public auditing for data storage security in cloud computing. InInfocom, 2010 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 1-9). IEEE. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Wells, J.T., 2008.Principles of fraud examination(pp. 277-90). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. William Jr, M., Glover, S., and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and Assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Yang, K., and Jia, X., 2013. An efficient and secure dynamic auditing protocol for data storage in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems,24(9), 1717-1726. Retrieved on 24th January 2017. Zadek, S., Evans, R., and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge. Retrieved on 24th January 2017.